methodological

e quality or social determinants. How does misunderstanding the concept of statistical significance impact urban health policy decisions? Misinterpreting statistical significance can lead to overconfidence in findings, resulting in policies that may not effectively address the und

tion A common misconception is that if two variables are correlated, one causes the other. This is false: Correlation only indicates an association, not causality. Confounding variables or reverse causation may explain the relationship. Implications: Misinterpreti