epistemology

ce, and transformative insight distinguishes it from purely doctrinal or rationalist approaches. As a dynamic and adaptable tradition, Sufism fosters a worldview rooted in love, unity, and deep inner rea

ognition. Conditions for Valid Perception To mitigate perceptual errors, the Gangesas Tattvacintaman discusses certain conditions that must be met for perception to be considered valid: Sense organ integrity: The sense organs must be functioning properly. Ob